Passive income has become a big topic now a days. As people become more busy and stressed, they are trying to search for alternate sources of income. Something they can earn passively. Making a living off dividends is one of the best ways to take part in investing and growing your wealth. Be warned this is not a get rich easy scheme.
Living off dividends passive income strategy requires you to put a lot of time and effort over a long term to be successful. I wanted to break down some myths about dividend investing with facts and explain how you can be successful in this strategy.
Let’s get started!
What is a Dividend?
When any public company makes a profit any year, it needs to decide what to do with its profit. This is usually called the question of capital allocation. A company can:
- Invest back in its business in R&D, in operations to grow more and make more profit next year.
- Invest in acquiring a new company and boost its return on invested capital.
- Return capital to shareholders in form of buying back stocks thereby boosting EPS(Earnings Per Share) or by giving dividends.
A company need not only do 1 or 2 of the above-mentioned things. They can employ all 3 strategies every year. That third point above is where dividend investing comes into picture. Dividend is essentially your share of profit in a company in which you own stock. When you purchase a stock of a company you are part owner in that company. You have the right to vote for the board of directors in the company. By voting them in, you expect them to make sensible decisions on the above 3 criteria. So, the executives in the company every year/quarter announce if they will have a dividend or not. They announce the following dates too which are important to know when investing in such stocks:
| Record Date | Date on which the broker will check to look who all own the stock that day to calculate how much dividend owner of stock on record will get. |
| Ex-Dividend Date | Once you buy a stock it takes couple of days for the transaction to settle and for you to be a shareholder in the company. So, this is the date before which you need to buy the stock in your brokerage, for you to show up as the owner of the said stock by record date. This is usually 1-3 days before record date. |
| Payment date | That’s the date on which you will get the payment of dividends in cash/stock in your account as per the company’s policy. Mostly its cash and you can re-invest it automatically or use it for buying other stocks. |
Why Dividends?
Dividends are actual income (Passive Income)
No doubt capital gains via price appreciation of a stock are good. However, you need to sell the stock to realize the gain. With dividends you get a part in the profits of the company without selling the stock. You can choose to reinvest it again to get more dividends next year. Over long term, you will see your dividends compound and you would see yourself living off dividend income alone. Again mind you this can easily take from 10-25 years depending on how much you invest every year. Nothing in life is easy and dividend investing needs time and effort on your side, but its definitely possible. I know a few people already living off dividends in retirement.
Dividends force executives to be more sensible
Importance of this cannot be understated. Sometimes management makes foolish decisions to acquire companies out of their circle of competence. They spend a lot of money and years down the line, we don’t see any returns at all. A lot of such acquisitions must be written off in balance sheet in form of goodwill impairment. Having a dividend policy forces the management to make more sensible/disciplined decisions. This leads to better returns for you as an owner in the company.
Risk Management from volatility
Dividend stocks are a way to lower the risks arising from volatility in daily/monthly/yearly stock movements. Since the owners of dividend stocks get their dividends as income every year, they are more open to not selling the stock in tough times and giving the company a chance to tackle problems at hand. Many companies that have an established dividend policy also have a large base of owners who are looking for those dividends to come in like clock work and they are more forgiving of the performance of the overall appreciation of stock.
Dividends taxed favorably
Dividends are taxed favorably under the current tax scheme. You pay lesser taxes for qualified dividends as compared to your taxes on income.
Dividends Drive overall Stock returns too!
There is a lot of data and analysis done that proves companies that pay dividends outperform companies that don’t pay dividends over long periods of time. Look at this chart below for a comparison between the index of dividend stocks vs non div paying stocks (courtesy Hartford Funds):
As you can see in the last 4-5 decades dividend growth stocks have outperformed the whole market. Check out some articles from Hartford Funds and Raymond James which go on to give way more data on how over the long term, dividend stocks outperform non dividend paying stocks.
Dividend Yield Investing vs Dividend Growth Investing
Dividend yield is basically ratio of total dividends given out per year by the price of the stock. For e.g. if AT&T (T) pays out 2.00$ every year and its current price is 31.62$ then the yield is 6.32%. So, it might make sense to buy the stocks yielding the highest to get more income. However, do not go chasing the yield. Usually stocks with 10-20% dividends are highly risky and prone to getting dividends cut soon. Dividend Yield Investing (DYI) focuses on having more income from your stocks. Usually people who are close to retiring and have a more conservative approach prefer dividend yield investing. Usually if you look at high yield companies they do not increase the dividends by huge amount every year. In case of AT&T its usually 1-2% per year.
Total Return= Dividend starting Yield (6.32%) + increase of 2% in dividend payout every year + capital appreciation
Meaning you get 6.32% return every year using dividends alone. I haven’t even included any stock price appreciation yet in the above calculation. Neither did i include dividend raises, nor did you sell any stocks to get this money in your pocket. See the magic of dividends?
People who are younger and have much more time to compound money usually should do Dividend Growth Investing(DGI). This is where you forgo the initial high dividend yield in favor of higher dividend increases every year. E.g. Starbucks (SBUX) yield of about 2.79% at price of 51.62$ as of 15-JUL 2018. However, if you notice the annual rate of increase of dividend over the last 5 years, its almost 20-25% annually!
Total Return = Dividend starting Yield (2.16%) + 20% increase in dividends every year + capital appreciation
Just as Einstein mentioned, compounding is the 8th wonder of world. Real magic happens if you re-invest these dividends to buy more of the same stocks. Since more stocks next year would result in even more dividends. This is where dividend growth investing also leaves dividend yield investing behind. If you continue to Dividend Re-Investment Program (DRIP) and reinvest dividends its easily possible you will have a much higher yield in 8-10 years for your DGI stock as compared to the DYI stock.
Let’s look at Starbucks and AT&T stocks as of 15th Jul 2018:
You can see the starting and ending yield on cost in these 2 investments above. Over time a DGI stock usually performs and returns way more money. However, it obviously comes with its risk. At&T has many years of history in successfully paying dividends. Starbucks has only 5-6 years of history paying dividends. But there are many indicators and fundamentals to look for when choosing such stocks.
Case against Dividend Investing
Dividend payout = Lower share price
This is true, every time a distribution gets paid out the price of the stock goes down by equivalent value on the payout date. People argue what’s the point of getting dividends. However, that’s just being very short term in thinking. If you plan on holding such stocks forever and you should, how should a short-term blip on payout date matter at all? Over the long term, company grows and so does the stock price!
Dividend paying companies grow less
Another argument is only companies that have stopped growing or have no use of cash, pay out dividends. Such companies cannot efficiently allocate capital and so choose to give out dividends. So capital appreciation on the stock gets hit. You won’t be able to make much off of capital gains on stock. However as mentioned earlier, good dividend stocks bought at correct price have great potential to provide above average returns.
Preferential tax treatment for dividends can change
This is a minor threat. Currently you pay less taxes on dividends as compared to short term capital gains on stock sales. However, nobody knows the future, and this can change at any time. When that happens, its possible such stocks can fall out of favor.
Dividend stocks make you miss out on fast growing industries
Usually most dividend stocks belong to consumer cyclical, consumer staples industries. Companies that have very stable fixed stream of income. Some financial companies etc. Argument is that tech stocks which grow the fastest usually never pay dividends. So, if you do not buy such stocks you are missing out on the best growing stocks in the market. However, there are big tech companies like Microsoft, Apple, Intel, Cisco etc. that pay dividends and increase them at a fast rate. Secondly, I never said to not have any non-dividend paying stock in your portfolio. Ideally you should have a balanced portfolio of stocks, bonds, REIT’s as mentioned in my earlier article on portfolio building.
Dividends are not guaranteed
This is true. In the recent past companies like Kinder Morgan Inc (KMI) and General Electric (GE) have cut their dividends. They were considered dividend stalwarts but fell into a lot of trouble and had no choice but to cut dividends. However, for such companies there were always signs. Things like payout ratio which was increasing, financial health was deteriorating, too much debt, not being shareholder friendly etc. But most of these signs were identifiable.
How much do you need for living off dividends?
There is no fixed answer to this question. You know how much you spend annually and how much you would need. For e.g., lets say you need about 45K annually in your retirement around age 60. Assuming you go on to live for another 30 years, you need about 1.3 million dollars (30*45000). Another way to think in terms of dividends is you need about a million dollar portfolio of dividend stocks to generate about 50K$ every year at 5% dividend yield. You will only be living off the dividends. Principal can still keep on growing at a healthy rate.
Also realize that its possible you do not even have to actually save a million dollars. You can just keep on investing money over 15-20 years & re-invest dividends. Your portfolio will keep on growing during that time, eventually reaching a million dollars. At that point you can simply stop investing stop re-investing and live off of dividend income. Here is a calculator that shows how starting with 0$, investing 12000$ annually with a dividend yield of about 4% and below avg price appreciation of 5% you can get to 1.4 million dollars in 30 years.
The above are just some numbers I plugged in. You can even do this 12K investment in your Roth account and your taxes will be 0! Feel free to play around on the calculator with different numbers, but living off dividends is definitely possible.
Best free resources to get you started with dividend investing
Dividend Condition(DIVCON) free ratings
This is a free rating system developed by the firm Reality Shares. They rank dividend stocks from highest (5) to lowest (1) depending on their probability of increasing dividends in next 12 months. They look at cash flow, future earnings, buybacks, dividend trends, etc. to come up with this rating. Although not iron clad, but its a good thing to check up on when deciding to buy a dividend stock. We have heard the saying safest dividend is the one that has just been raised. This tool allows you to find out stocks that most likely will raise it! Its also a good idea to look at their quarterly list of worst ranked (1) stocks which hints at possible divided cuts. This could allow you to highlight a stock in your portfolio and go deeper into it. Check more about them here.
Invest alongside the Superinvestors!
Its always good to have some extra information while investing. Sites like Insider Monkey, Whale Wisdom & DATAROMA allow you to see what the most famous super investors like Buffett, Munger, Bill Ruane (Sequoia Fund) etc. bought in the most recent quarter. Most of these websites have free signups which give you the most data you would ever need! I am not saying to blindly buy what Superinvestors are buying. But its always good to get more information. Do your own research, look at fundamentals and make your own decision.
Dividends stocks do come with some risk but with right precautions you can avoid the risky one’s and choose the best dividend paying stocks for your portfolio. I created a free guide for you to get started on your journey to living off dividends. I discuss some key ratios, fundamentals, some important resources to look at while deciding to buy a dividend stock. It will show you how to get free access to Morningstar and Value Line reports and how to look at them from dividend point of view. I discuss how you can read most financial news articles from Seeking Alpha, WSJ, Barrons for free even if they are behind paywall! Consider signing up below and get the free pdf version of the insights into dividend investing research and how to keep your dividend income safe.
Check out my dividend investing portfolio here.
Create your own dividend portfolio tracking sheet here.
used barter system by exchanging some goods and services in return of other. Then few hundred years ago gold, silver and other precious metals were used as currencies. People could inherently see the value of precious metals. So they became de-facto standard for payment. But paying for services in terms of gold and silver every time you go to a market to buy groceries seemed stupid and had its drawbacks. So, then governments around the world started printing bills that were easy to carry and exchange. These bills were backed by the amount of gold/any precious metal held against it in reserves. This was called the gold standard/commodity standard. Basically, governments could not print money more than the amount of gold reserves it had. This would help in preventing inflation. During this time, you could walk into a bank and hand them all your USD bills and ask to be paid in form of equivalent amount of gold. Read about it 
They needed ability to control the flow of money in their own countries. So the Central banks (Federal Reserve, Reserve Bank of India, ECB etc.) in countries decided to step away from the gold standard and started printing their own money. The value of the currency was to be determined by economic activity, imports/exports of the country etc. Central banks guaranteed that the bill they have in your pocket is legal tender and accepted in their country. However earlier when the bill was backed by actual amount of gold held in reserve by the country, now the same bill is backed by the central bank’s words. Trust is the essential aspect in all of this. The central banks say their currency has value and so everyone in the country uses it to pay for services and goods. This value can fluctuate every day based on how people perceive/trust the economic conditions in the country and based on economic data. It is also possible for the value of currency to go down to useless as evident with crisis in Zimbabwe and Venezuela recently. The value of ZWD plummeted, and inflation was so high because of some stupid practices by the government. Zimbabwe had to recently scrap their dollar and country started using USD as its official currency! Having said that, fiat currency standard has helped governments navigate tough business cycles and recessions across the world by limiting/increasing the supply of money.
